Aesara (Αἰσάρα, 3rd c. BCE?) was the Pythagorean philosopher of Lucania in southern Italy — **author of On Human Nature**, a treatise arguing that the human soul has three parts, mirroring the tripartite structure of the family and the just city. **Anticipates Plato's tripartite soul.**
Fragments preserved in Stobaeus.
Aesara reduces to three — the number of Lucanian philosopher.